from module_name import (
    function1,
    function2,
    function3
)

for item in items:
    # do something
    print(item)

while condition:
    # do something

match points:
    case []:
        print("No points")
    case [Point(0, 0)]:
        print("The origin")
    case [Point(x, y)]:
        print(f"Single point {x}, {y}")
    case [Point(0, y1), Point(0, y2)]:
        print(f"Two on the Y axis at {y1}, {y2}")
    case _:
        print("Something else")

# guard
match point:
    case Point(x, y) if x == y:
        print(f"Y=X at {x}")
    case _:
        pass

# Enum
from enum import Enum
from enum import Enum
class Color(Enum):
    RED = 'red'
    GREEN = 'green'
    BLUE = 'blue'

color = Color(input("Enter your choice of 'red', 'blue' or 'green': "))

match color:
    case Color.RED:
        print("I see red!")
    case Color.GREEN:
        print("Grass is green")
    case Color.BLUE:
        print("I'm feeling the blues :(")

if car == 'bmw':
    # do something
elif car == 'telsa':
    # do something
else car == 'toyota':   # else optional
    #do something

bicycles = ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
print(bicycles[1])
print(bicycles[-1])
del bicycles[1]

popped = bicycles.pop()
first = bicycles.pop(0)

bicycles.remove('trek') # deletes only the first occurrence

# list comprehension
squares = [value**2 for value in range(1, 11)]

# slice
list[0:3]
list[:3]
list[2:]
list[-3:]   # last three

# copy a list
duplicate = list[:]

# add pair
dict['new_key'] = new_value

dict = {}   # empty dict

# delete
del dic['old_key']

# loop through
for key, value in dict.items():
    # do something

# get all keys
dict.keys()

# get all values, can duplicate
dict.values()
set(dict.values())  # unique values

def function_name(para1, para2):
    """Display information about this function"""
    # something
    return some_value

function_name(p1, p2)   # positional arguments
function_name(para1=p1, para2=p2)   #keyword arguments

# default value
# arguments with default value needs to be at the end
# None is a perfectly fine default value
def fn_name(arg1, arg2='para2'):
    """default arguments"""
    # do something

fn_name("para1)

# arbitray number of arguments
def fn_name(first, *arguments):
    print(first)
    for arg in arguments:
        print(f"- {arg}")

class SampleClass:
    class_instance = something

    def __init__(self, arg):
        self.instance = arg
        self.other = something

s = SampleClass(a)
print(s.other)
s.new_instance = something  # new instance created on the fly

path = '~/test.txt'
with open(path) as file_object:
    content = file_object.read()
    s = ''
    for line in file_object:
        s += line.rstrip()
    lines = file_object.readlines()

# `r` read (default), `w` write, `a` append, `r+` read and write
with open(path, 'w') as file_object:
    file_object.write("some thing\n")   # need \n for line break

# json
import json
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
    json.dump(data, f)

with open(filename) as f:
    data = json.load(f)

try:
    # do something
except ErrorName:
    # do something
    # or `pass`
except AnotherError as err:
    print(f"Unexepected {err=}, {type(err)=}")
else:
    # do something

import unittest
from name_function import get_formatted_name

class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     """Tests for 'name_function.py'."""

     def test_first_last_name(self):
        """Do names like 'Janis Joplin' work?"""
        formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis', 'joplin')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Janis Joplin')

# in case the file is being run as the main program
if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()


# for class test, use `setUp()` to create object
def setUp(self):
    """
    create objects
    """
    self.attr = "something"

[APP]
ENVIRONMENT = test
DEBUG = True
# Only accept True or False

[DATABASE]
USERNAME = username
PASSWORD = password

APP:
  ENVIRONMENT: test
  DEBUG: True
  # Only accept True or False

DATABASE:
  USERNAME: user
  PASSWORD: pwd

{
  "APP": {
    "ENVIRONMENT": "test",
    "DEBUG": true
  },
  "DATABASE": {
    "USERNAME": "user",
    "PASSWORD": "psw",
    "HOST": "127.0.0.1",
    "PORT": 5432
  }
}

[APP]
ENVIRONMENT = "test"
DEBUG = true
# Only accept True or False

[DATABASE]
USERNAME = "user"

import json
import yaml

def read_json(file_path):
    with open(file_path, "r") as f:
        return json.load(f)

def read_yaml(file_path):
    with open(file_path, "r") as f:
        return yaml.safe_load(f)

assert read_json("data/sample.json") == read_yaml("data/sample.yaml")

import configparser

def read_ini(file_path, config_json):
    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
    config.read(file_path)
    for section in config.sections():
        for key in config[section]:
            print((key, config[section][key]))

read_ini("source/data/sample.ini", config_json)